松山　政夫^１）、洲　　　亘^２）、鈴木　卓美^２）、西　　正孝^２）

^１）富山大学　水素同位体科学研究センター 〒930-8555　富山市五福３１９０
^２）日本原子力研究所　トリチウム工学研究室 〒319-1195　茨城県那珂郡東海村

M. Matsuyama¹⁾, W.M. Shu²⁾, T. Suzuki²⁾ and M.F. Nishi²⁾

¹⁾ Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, Toyama University, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
²⁾ Tritium Engineering Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Nka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

Abstract

　The correlation between the intensity of X-rays induced by β-rays of tritium and the total pressure of hydrogen isotope mixtures was examined in a pressure range from 10^-1 to 10⁵ Pa by using three different tritium gases, i.e., pure T₂, D₂-1%T₂ and H₂-1%T₂ mixtures. It was found that linear pressure dependence was obtained up to a few kPa for all of the measured gases by taking dead time of the X-ray detector into account. Above this pressure, however, downward deviation from the linear relation appeared. It was revealed that the effect of self-absorption of β-rays on the pressure dependence was not negligibly small, because the ratios of the counting rates corrected by dead time to total pressure, i.e., specific counting rates, could not be reproduced by a simple exponential function using the absorption coefficients of hydrogen isotopes as variables. The results suggested that an additional factor such as contribution of an X-ray formation on the surfaces of a measuring cell must be taken into consideration in changing in the specific counting rates.

島　寛之、上田　哲志*、赤丸　悟士、原　正憲、阿部　孝之、松山　政夫、渡辺　国昭

富山大学　水素同位体科学研究センター, 〒930-8555　富山市五福3190
*　株式会社　化研, 〒310-0903　水戸市堀町1044

Hiroyuki Shima, Satosi Ueda*, Satosi Akamaru, Masanori Hara, Takayuki Abe, Masao Matsuyama and Kuniaki Watanabe

Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, Toyama University, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, JAPAN
* Kaken Co. Hori Machi 1044, Mito city 310-0903, JAPAN

Abstract

　Palladium-coated Mo powder was prepared by a barrel sputtering system as packing materials of gas chromatograph for hydrogen isotope separation. The crystal structure and hydrogen absorption of prepared material were examined to evaluate the applicability to hydrogen isotope separation column. The diffraction peaks of the Pd layer of the prepared material without any treatment were broad, indicating that the Pd layer includes strains and/or many fine crystallites. The prepared material without any treatment was absorbed hydrogen at 343 K. The hydrogen absorption isotherms of the prepared materials did not showed a flat plateau. On the other hand, prepared materials with vacuum heating at 1073 K were lost the hydrogen absorption ability. The unknown peaks were appeared with vacuum heating. This loss of the ability is due to the reaction with the Pd layer and Mo powder.

波多野雄治¹⁾, Andrei Busnyuk²⁾, Alexander Livshits²⁾, 中村幸男³⁾, 大藪修義³⁾, 渡辺国昭¹⁾

⁽¹⁾富山大学水素同位体科学研究センター, 〒930-8555 富山市五福3190
⁽²⁾Bonch-Bruyevich University of Telecommunications, 61 Moika, St. Petersberg 191186, Russia
⁽³⁾核融合科学研究所, 〒509-5292 岐阜県土岐市下石町322-6

Yuji Hatano¹⁾, Andrei Busnyuk²⁾, Alexander Livshits²⁾, Yukio Nakamura³⁾, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu³⁾ and Kuniaki Watanabe¹⁾

⁽¹⁾Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, Toyama University Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
⁽²⁾Bonch-Bruyevich University of Telecommunications 61 Moika, St. Petersberg 191186, Russia
⁽³⁾National Institute for Fusion Science Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan

Abstract

　The rate of oxygen removal from an oxygen-doped Nb membrane by hydrogen ion sputtering was examined by measuring the change in the sticking coefficient of H₂, α. First, the temperature dependence of α was measured at various oxygen concentrations to investigate correlation between bulk oxygen concentration and α. Then the oxygen concentration in the membrane was adjusted to 1.5 at%, and the surface of the membrane was irradiated by hydrogen ions of 600 eV at 1113 K. The change in α with sputtering time was measured, and the reduction in bulk oxygen concentration was estimated from the extent of change in α. The oxygen concentration decreased with increasing sputtering time by continuous surface segregation of oxygen and sputtering. The sputtering yield of oxygen on the Nb membrane surface was evaluated to range from 0.012 to 0.036.

L. Wang, R. Hayakawa, Y. Hatano and K. Watanabe

Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, Toyama University
Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan

Abstract

　The adsorption of hydrogen on surfaces of vanadium, vanadium-titatnium alloy and vanadium oxide was studied by ab initio calculations using Gaussian03 package. The activation and adsorption energies for adsorption were evaluated by scanning potential energy surfaces of respective systems comprising a hydrogen molecule and small cluster consisting of several metal atoms for modelling an alloy surface to reduce computational cost. The surfaces investigated were V(110), V-Ti(110), VO(111) and VO(110), diaerent cluster models being adopted for some surfaces to examine their validities and to and an appropriate cluster model and adsorption site. By comparing the results obtained by using the alloy and/or compound in diaerent cases, it was found that the activation energy for adsorption is larger for surfaces with an oxygen adlayer than for clean and Ti-covered vanadium surfaces. These andings are in good agreement with experimental observations. It was also demonstrated that diaerent cluster models for a given alloy give similar activation and adsorption energies.

Tiejun Ma, Yuji Hatano, Takayuki Abe and Kuniaki Watanabe

Hydrogen Isotope Research Center Toyama University Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan

Abstract

　In this study, some transition elements, Ag, Co, Pd, Re, Ru and Ti, at 6 and 10mol% compositions, were selected to ball mill with Mg₂Ni and Ni, and the effects of transition elements on the electrochemical properties of amorphous MgNi were investigated. Three distinct effects on the electrochemical properties of MgNi were found: Ti and Pd dissolved into the bulk of MgNi during ball milling and the degradation of discharge capacity was decreased by addition of Ti and Pd. Ag and Co also dissolved in the MgNi powder, but there was no appreciable influence on the electrochemical behavior of MgNi. Re and Ru neither dissolved into MgNi nor improved the properties of MgNi.

山本浩也¹⁾，赤丸悟士²⁾，阿部孝之²⁾，渡辺国昭²⁾，城石昭弘³⁾

¹⁾ 富山大学大学院理工学研究科
²⁾ 富山大学水素同位体科学研究センター
³⁾ 富山大学地域共同研究センター

Hironari Yamamoto¹⁾, Satoshi Akamaru²⁾, Takayuki Abe²⁾, Kuniaki Watanabe²⁾, Akihiro Shiroishi³⁾

¹⁾ Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyama University
²⁾ Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, Toyama University
³⁾ Center for Cooperative Research, Toyama University

Abstract

　The recovery of copper metal from waste hydrochloric acid with cupric ions was electrochemically demonstrated by the use of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system. The electrochemical cell used in this study consists of two baths for gas and liquid. Hydrogen gas was fed to a Pt/C anode electrode assembled on the cation exchange membrane (MEA), and Pt mesh for a cathode electrode was immersed in CuSO₄ / HCl (1 M / 1 M) solution as a model solution of waste acid with cupric ions. Copper metal was electrochemically recovered on the cathode electrode without chlorine gas evolution on the anode electrode. However, copper deposition on the anode electrode was observed because of penetration of cupric ions through the cation exchange membrane. While this phenomenon damaged the MEA, the electrochemical cell with two baths was improved to that with three baths separated by a cation and anion exchange membrane, which successfully prevented copper deposition on the MEA.